Explain why the HIV virus is unique and not readily eliminated by the immune system. It allows students to experience how dynamic the human immune system must be to protect the body against infection via three lines of defence: skin; white blood cells (through inflammation); and antibodies (via the immune response). Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Reader, January 6, 2006, 54(52);Q1-Q4 "Recommended Childhood and Adolescent Immunization Schedule United States, 2006. This means that as red blood cells pass through capillaries very near to the lungs, oxygen from inhaled air passes through thin membranes and into the capillaries where it is very easily taken up by the hemoglobin molecules in the red blood cells. Bacteria and viruses (or germs) are the most common invaders. Helper T cells. On a grander scale, the game gives them a deeper appreciation of their bodies. Note that once the body has been infected, the immune system begins synthesising antibodies and additional white blood cells to defeat the invader. Lymph node structure.copyrightCopyright U.S. National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program, Training website http://training.seer.cancer.gov/module_anatomy/unit8_2_lymph_compo1_nodes.html. Consider how you might adapt this activity so the simulation includes the body having the memory of a virus through vaccination, thereby creating a rapid immune response that generally avoids illness. Keywords: Biology, Immune system, Infectious diseases. Get tips, resources, and ideas sent to your inbox! Teaching through role-playing games allows students to engage in the messy nature of science. With the students, review the different proteins in our bodies that are produced by cells: Hemoglobin is manufactured in developing red blood cells within our bone marrow. The human body's bone marrow produces new red and white blood cells. This is your immune system. AIDS can be transmitted sexually as well as through blood contact. Give examples of engineering innovations related to the immune system. Produce the rack of test tubes, and show how they are numbered to correspond to the cups that were used. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Do you agree with this alignment? How does the rest of the immune system work? You can swab surfaces around the house and use those swabs to inoculate Petri dishes to see which surfaces have the most bacteria. Rather than learning through textbook diagrams and direct instruction, students actively engage in and develop a model of how each component interacts with the other to protect the body from invasion and illness. Emily Kang is an assistant professor of science education at Adelphi University in New York, USA. This Snack models how your body develops immunity to foreign invaders by producing antibodies that attack them. T cells trigger macrophagescells that "eat" or engulf pathogens (agents that cause disease, such as viruses, parasites and bacteria), dead cells and cellular debris (see Figure 6). For example, histamines (released by basophils) promote the dilation of local blood vessels and the release of further white blood cells from the vessels to enter the infected tissue. No rights are granted to use HHMIs or BioInteractives names or logos independent from this Resource or in any derivative works. Once the game has finished, have a brief discussion with students to ascertain what they learned or observed as a result of playing the game. When printing this document, you may NOT modify it in any way. Store tables and chairs at the side of the classroom and clear enough space for students to walk quickly around the room. Describe what happens to the immune system in space. Innate immunity. Hemoglobin also stores oxygen so we have a reserve of it. epidemiology: A branch of medicine that is concerned with the causes, spread and control of diseases in populations. This only works with diseases that do not rapidly mutate or have many different strains. I love them because: Enjoy! Memory cells "remember" the specific pathogen encountered, so they can mount a larger and faster immune response if they encounter the same pathogen again. Thanks for your feedback! Medical professionals use sterilizing equipment to ensure their utensils and "tools of the trade" are clean and will not infect patients with bacteria and viruses. White blood cells (also called leukocytes) do most of the work during an immune response. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. Additionally, teachers can emphasize the evolution of the adaptive immune response as advantageous to survival, highlighting DCIs around natural selection. Systems may interact with other systems; they may have sub-systems and be a part of larger complex systems. This simplified diagram is not to scale. Other types of white blood cells then make antibodies, tiny particles that grab, or bind onto, the pathogen (Figure1). a project of D2L (www.achievementstandards.org). When a pathogen attacks for the first time, it triggers a primary immune response. Figure 5. They also learn how an astronaut's immune system is suppressed during spaceflight due to stres Students learn about mutations to both DNA and chromosomes, and uncontrolled changes to the genetic code. Inflammatory response (white blood cells): various types of white blood cell either surround and engulf micro-organisms (e.g. Bacteria And Virus Labs Teaching Resources | TPT - TeachersPayTeachers 20 Identifying Organs of the Immune System Virtual Lab 21 ELSIA Virtual Lab 22 Mouse Dissection Laboratory 23 ELISA Laboratory 24 Quiz 5 - Immune System: Assays . Immune System Labs Teaching Resources | TPT Tears, saliva and mucus keep germs from entering the body though the eyes, mouth and nose. At the high school level, teachers may choose to dig deeper into the feedback mechanisms in the immune response process in order to emphasize homeostasis within an organism. Illustration of antibodies (blue) binding to a pathogen (red). Immune System Middle School Teaching Resources | TPT - TeachersPayTeachers Some white blood cells find the pathogens in our body and must tell them apart from human cells. Did you know that inside your body you have a tiny "army" that protects you from invaders? Digestive System: Where does food go? - LABScI While this is not the first step in a real immune response, it is an important one that is unique to humans and higher vertebrates, and allows for the body to target specific pathogens and remember them in preparation for future contact. Once all teams have tested themselves on all the flashcards, clarify any questions. The Virtual Lab School (VLS) empowers child care professionals to build their knowledge and improve their practices through a robust online professional development system. Are there any similarities among them? Tonsils, adenoids, Peyer's patches and the appendix are all lymphoid tissues. It stores blood, disintegrates old blood cells, filters foreign substances from the blood, and produces lymphocytes. bone marrow: Soft, fatty, vascular tissue that fills most bone cavities and produces new red and white blood cells. They should include terms from each of the three lines of defence in their diagrams. The glossary and illustrations in the Click & Learn are also provided as slide decks; you may make copies of these slides and adapt them to your classroom. Students may be interested in reading about other epidemiology case studies and how epidemiologists go about their work. Students learn how viruses invade host cells and hijack their cell-reproduction mechanisms in order to make new viruses, which can in turn attack additional host cells. Inside the body, the major components of the immune system are the thymus, spleen, lymph system, bone marrow, white blood cells, antibodies, complement system and hormones. To make distribution of the cups easier, have only three or four students select their cups at a time. Where are the holes in the model that are hardest to fix? by . Astronauts' stress levels tend to rise during spaceflight because of difficulty in adapting to microgravity, the risks involved with spaceflight, isolation from friends and family, close living quarters, sleep deprivation, the absence of a day and night cycle, busy work schedules, etc. Identify the main organs and cells of the immune system, and explain their functions. The immune system is a complex army of cells and tissues that work together to protect your body from infection. Learning about the parts of the cell body is a key step in understanding the building blocks of every major organ system. These white blood cells handle most of the bacterial and viral infections the body encounters. Disease Lab - Northern Arizona University Anyone who has seen live footage of a human white blood cell chasing and capturing a bacterium in the body would think he or she was witnessing a game of cops and robbers. Some viruses, such as influenza, change so rapidly that scientists develop a new vaccine every year based on which strain they think will be most likely to affect the public. Vaccinations are made from the bacteria or viruses that cause a disease. The VLS also hosts a variety of resources from fellow research institutions that support child & youth programs, professionals, children, and families. Explain the role of memory cells when the body responds to a pathogen it has previously encountered, and apply this knowledge to the function of vaccines. Tears, saliva and mucus keep germs from entering the body though the eyes, mouth and nose (for example, mucus traps dust to keep it from entering the lungs). How do engineers help our immune system stay healthy. Units serve as guides to a particular content or subject area. Microbial life forms are an ever-present, extremely dangerous threat to our survival, against which the immune system must constantly defend. Bacteria are independent little creatures that roam around inside your body, while viruses invade your healthy cells to multiply since they are not actually alive. It is best to let students choose their own cups of "bodily fluids" at the beginning of the simulation, rather than handing them out. Our tax ID #: 94-1696494, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, tabletop-sized Antigen and Antibody templates, Five sheets of cardstock or construction paper, each in a different color (so one sheet of green paper, one of yellow, one of blue, one of orange, and one of purple, for instance), Five pieces of white cardstock or construction paper (or two pieces, if using the tabletop templates), An open space to work, such as a large table or on the floor, Optional: Masking tape (to hold down the templates if they move around while youre tracing). Ready, set, infect! - Science in School Students in middle school often are aware of AIDS and HIV, but not how they are related and transmitted from person to person. Do you agree with this alignment? High School THE HUMAN IMMUNE SYSTEM (UNIT 1) : Lesson 3 The Adaptive Immune System The Adaptive Immune System Students learn about the specific nature of responses generated by the adaptive immune system. The lab contains an interactive lab space, an informational notebook, and embedded questions. Are there any similarities among them? Topics Covered: Endocrine system, hormones, glands, feedback loops, negative feedback, insulin, glucagon, melatonin, adrenaline, . Ready, set, infect! allows teachers to present a challenging concept in an understandable way to many types of middle-school learners, particularly those who learn best through movement and social interaction. The Resource Google Folder link directs to a Google Drive folder of resource documents in the Google Docs format. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Point out that epidemiologists are scientists and medical doctors who try to solve puzzles such as this, and epidemiology is a branch of medicine that is concerned with the causes, spread, and control of diseases in populations. Have students raise their hands to respond. Bingo: Provide each student with a sheet of paper containing a list of the following lesson vocabulary terms: immune system, virus, bacteria, antibodies, vaccine and chemical engineer. Engineers also design cleaning agents and disinfectants to kill germs in our houses. Before the lesson starts, you should cut the antigenantibody cards along the dotted lines to separate the two roles. Different tabs, videos, images, questions, and a detailed glossary of terms allow this resource to be explored at varying levels of depth depending on the class. ScienceLIVE brings virtual labs to area middle school students UMass Medical School, working with Technocopia, to provide virtual science during COVID-19 pandemic . No rights are granted to use HHMIs or BioInteractives names or logos independent from this Resource or in any derivative works. Those antibodies seek out and bind to specific antigens, disarming them, and stopping further spread of the pathogen. PDF Immunology Made Simple Ms. Ashleigh Freeman Princeton Senior High Is each student engaged? Refer to the Educator Materials for implementation suggestions. Explain to students that they will each "exchange bodily fluids" with three other students, one at a time, following a certain procedure: After choosing a classmate to "share" liquids with, one member of the pair pours all of the water from his or her cup into the partner's cup. COVID-19 Learning Note: The novel coronavirus that causes COVID-19 has not previously been introduced to the human population, so no one in the world has prior immunity to it. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Environmental engineers work on keeping the air we breathe and the water we drink free of toxins, for example, by designing air purifiers and water filters. At this point you can tell them that, fortunately, you took a "blood sample" from everyone before they started trading their "bodily fluids." This Snack models how your body develops immunity to foreign invaders by producing antibodies that attack them. In this lesson plan, students will use magnets, iron filings, and salt to make a model of the immune system in the human body and investigate how antibodies and memory cells help the body fight off an infection. Describe what happens to the immune system in space. Thus, it is also important that the total number of participants is a multiple of 4, so classes of 24, 28 or 32 will work perfectly. If the cards do not match, the antibody must release the antigen and attempt to capture the next antigen until it finds and captures its match. Any recruits need only be present for the few minutes it takes to do the liquid exchanges. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a laboratory technique that detects and measures specific proteins. Vaccine Lab Teaching Resources | Teachers Pay Teachers Grades 6-8, 9-12. Teachers | Health Science Interactives for Students - PBS Then walk around the room, placing a drop or two of phenolphthalein in each cup. If you know of other sites, please share in the comments! It acts as a defense against foreign pathogens (such as bacteria, viruses and parasites), protects against some poisons and suppresses cancer cells. when the antigens pass each line of defence or how many antigens are still at large). Content is organized into role-based tracks and focuses on developing the key competencies that are necessary for direct care staff, home-based providers, and program leadership. adaptive immune response, antibody, antigen, B cell, cytokine, dendritic cell, innate immune response, pathogen, T cell, vaccine. Which of these is alive? **Answer the 10 question Immune System quiz. technology, engineering or math (STEM) educational standards. To minimize these risks, astronauts undergo immunizations and are quarantined for seven to 10 days before launch so that they are not exposed to as many germs as if they were out and about in public places. At the middle school level, this activity relates to the DCI that, in multicellular organisms, groups of specialized cells work together as members of organs and organ systems in incredibly complex ways. Are they able to demonstrate a thorough understanding of how a virus gets into the human body and how the immune system fights off a virus? It also allows students to develop a more complex conceptual model of how cells, chemicals and infecting agents interact simultaneously in the immune system. The thymus is located in the chest next to the heart, as illustrated in Figure 4. The people who If the same pathogen attacks again after that, a secondary immune response is triggered. Clean any spills thoroughly. The human body and the way we fight off infections is fascinating! Seventh Grade Science at John Glenn Middle School. If you are tired of spending your own money on lab supplies, throw in a virtual lab instead. Viruses & Bacteria Station Lab: NGSS Aligned, 6 Station, STEM: Distance Learning. This results in cuts taking longer to heal and colds lingering longer than usual due to the presence of stress. Any differences? Zip. Immune system questions (practice) | Khan Academy The game should make students aware that there are three lines of defence, the first two of which are non-specific and the third, specific. Use an oral and written argument supported by evidence to support or refute an explanation or a model for a phenomenon. Activities focus on the cells, molecules and processes of the adaptive immune system. Make sure to read both pages before you move on to the quiz. You can find this page online at: https://www.sciencebuddies.org/teacher-resources/lesson-plans/antibodies-immune-system. However, these contents do not necessarily represent the policies of the Department of Education or National Science Foundation, and you should not assume endorsement by the federal government. List several invaders of the immune system, including viruses and bacteria. 9. Antigens (represented by the colored shapes) are proteins found on the surface of pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria, and other foreign invaders to the body. Many people have allergies. Explain how memory cells accelerate an immune response using experimental evidence. Several hormones are created by components of the immune system. A vaccine is the injection into your body of a weakened form of a specific disease so that your immune system builds up antibodies and is able to defend against it (before you become infected with a strong form of the disease). Endocrine Ed - Bioman Bio natural killer cells or basophils) . Cells communicate via signaling pathways made of interacting components. antibiotic: A substance, such as penicillin or streptomycin, produced by or derived from certain fungi, bacteria, and other organisms, that can destroy or inhibit the growth of other microorganisms. Move all of the antibodies to one side and all of the antigens to the other. What are possible solutions for reducing these types of dangers? Vaccinationssuch as the ones children get to protect them from smallpox, measles, mumps, and chickenpoxwork by preparing the immune system for an attack by a virus. Pathogens include harmful bacteria (like Salmonella or E. coli that cause food poisoning), microscopic fungi, viruses (ranging from measles to the flu), and more. Disease Lab. to give definitions of the vocabulary terms. This activity matches just five kinds of antibodies and five kinds of antigens. The oxygen is moved around the body through the circulatory system and delivered to tissues where it is needed. Hemoglobin contains iron, which gives it a great affinity for oxygen. To do the activity as a class, divide students into antibodies and antigens." Chemical engineers have designed antibiotics to kill bacteria cells without affecting normal cells in the body (for example, destroy the the bacteria's ability to build a cell wall). CELLS alive! Antibodies (represented by the white shapes) are proteins produced by B cells, which are specialized cells produced by your immune system. When antibodies bind to the pathogen, this stimulates other white blood cells to destroy the pathogen. Pier 15(Embarcadero at Green Street)San Francisco, CA 94111415.528.4444, The Exploratorium is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. Outdoor Classroom Ideas for Secondary Science, START using STOP motion video in your science classroom. The goal of a vaccine is to have people create these antibodies without ever being infected. 3 - This fun, hands-on maze activity is a great way to teach kids about the digestive system and visually illustrate how food travels in the body. The natural killer cells should be provided with a plastic pipette filled with a small amount of water to simulate the release of damaging chemicals. This activity requires some non-expendable items typically available in high school chemistry lab classrooms; see the Materials Lists for details. Figure 1. Completing a lab is a great way for your students to become further familiar with the components of the immune system. The immune system is divided into the innate immune system and the adaptive immune system. Thanks for your feedback! When these materials are injected into the body, the immune system alerts the bodys B cells to recognize the antigens introduced and create memory cells. The videos and links were selected to help you understand how immune system fights pathogens. Reproduction of material from this website without written permission is strictly prohibited. Play the game as described above for about 45 minutes. Mechanical damage (such as broken bones and torn ligaments), vitamin deficiency (such as anemia if you do not get enough iron), organ decay, genetic disease and cancer are examples of a "sick" body. As an extension to the game, students can research the viruses labelled on the antigen cards to discover more about their pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and epidemiology. 8), Apply a product, system, or process developed for one setting to another setting. Cut out the five antigen templates from your printouts. Participation in this program has provided me the . This adaptation examines the impact of online media on the opinions of pregnant women and healthcare providers about two maternal vaccines: whooping cough (pertussis) and the flu (influenza).Most pertussis articles used real-life cases and focused on protecting the baby, while influenza articles focused on . Leukocytes also can be found in bone marrow, which is a thick, spongy jelly inside your bones. function init() { window.wSlideshow && window.wSlideshow.render({elementID:"233625115771570498",nav:"thumbnails",navLocation:"bottom",captionLocation:"bottom",transition:"fade",autoplay:"0",speed:"5",aspectRatio:"auto",showControls:"true",randomStart:"false",images:[{"url":"8\/0\/9\/0\/80904242\/screen-shot-2018-02-26-at-7-24-20-pm.png","width":400,"height":303,"fullHeight":615,"fullWidth":812},{"url":"8\/0\/9\/0\/80904242\/screen-shot-2018-02-26-at-7-23-41-pm.png","width":400,"height":271,"fullHeight":746,"fullWidth":1100},{"url":"8\/0\/9\/0\/80904242\/screen-shot-2018-02-26-at-7-23-07-pm.png","width":301,"height":284,"fullHeight":284,"fullWidth":301},{"url":"8\/0\/9\/0\/80904242\/screen-shot-2018-02-26-at-7-24-59-pm.png","width":400,"height":363,"fullHeight":458,"fullWidth":504},{"url":"8\/0\/9\/0\/80904242\/screen-shot-2018-02-26-at-7-28-04-pm.png","width":400,"height":301,"fullHeight":618,"fullWidth":820},{"url":"8\/0\/9\/0\/80904242\/screen-shot-2018-02-26-at-7-29-35-pm.png","width":400,"height":207,"fullHeight":319,"fullWidth":617}]}) } Fill the remaining test tubes with about one inch of water. B lymphocytes (B cells) Professional antigen presenting cells (APC) and MHC II complexes. In one study of middle and high school students in New York, over half showed almost no understanding of the biological concepts of virus, infection, and the immune system. that shapes our lives. The article also tells the story of a more contemporary outbreak in west Africa, which is particularly interesting because of the role prevailing cultural practices can play in the transmission of a disease. Because there are only a few B cells with antibodies that match any given antigen, the first contact with a specific antigen initiates a response that might take several days to become effective. Immune System (for Teens) - Nemours KidsHealth The Vaccine Research Extension worksheet guides students through an optional research project on vaccines. 6 - Hands-on learning with immune system activities developed for different grade levels helps children understand the intricacies of our immune system. Published The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Distribute cutouts so that each antibody student has one antibody and each antigen student has two antigens. All 100,000+ K-12 STEM standards covered in TeachEngineering are collected, maintained and packaged by the Achievement Standards Network (ASN),
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