2011(Zhang et al. The roots of both intercropped wheat and jujube had less root length density (RLD) at all soil depths than those of sole wheat and jujube trees. They don't have much need for fertilizers, and just some mulching with organic matter will do an excellent job of feeding your Jujube tree once it's a few years old. By the Han Dynasty (~2000 YA), jujube cultivation had spread throughout North and South China into large commercial cultivation regions and had become the main source of national taxes, with special officials regulating jujube production. In this agroforestry system the jujube trees are grown simultaneously with wheat for 240-260 days. Research objectives should be more advanced and diversified. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. Genome-wide screening of SSR markers and reference genes for RT-qPCR analysis. Liu, M. et al. Int.39, 917923 (2006). Agrofor Syst 80:117129, Droppelmann KJ, Ephrath JE, Berliner PR (2000) Tree/crop complementarity in an arid zone runoff agroforestry system in northern Kenya. Slider with three articles shown per slide. The tissue culture of jujube began in 1978. Google Scholar. Su, C., Liu, X., Yan, C., Bai., X. Multiomics-based analysis for the molecular formation mechanisms of some important traits. Based on the classical taxonomic system, jujube is listed in the Rhamnaceae family, Rhamnales order63. Liu, Y. et al. Jujube Witches' Broom Disease (JWB), caused by phytoplasma, is the most destructive disease of Chinese jujube. & Gao, W. Genetic relationship of Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba) and sour jujube (Z. spinosa) based on RAPD markers. Jujube clearly deserves to be considered a superfruit for the future in terms of its following basic characteristics. Zhao, Z. et al. A historic leap has been achieved from the initial stage of focusing on summarizing production experiences to a new era of innovative research throughout the whole industry chain covering breeding, cultivation, pest management, fruit storage, transportation, and processing; from morphological research to comprehensive research at the levels of the plant, organ, tissue, cell, molecule, and gene; and from the research of a few individuals to national and international research collaborations. What is the best way to plant a jujube tree? If material is not included in the articles Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. Cent. Hybridization using a new male-sterile germplasm as the female parent in Chinese jujube. var. It has unique branch and bud characteristics, i.e., usually only the primary shoots can extend, the dormant buds have a very long life, the secondary shoots die back naturally each, the mother-bearing shoots can only extend by ~1mm per year, and the bearing shoots fall off in the fall. Genomes12, 110 (2016). PDF Jujube Planting Instructions - Ison's Nursery & Vineyard J. Sin.41, 21152124 (2014). Preparation of oligosaccharides by degradation of polysaccharides from Chinese jujube and its biological activity. At present, the jujube industry in China has entered a new era of transformation, upgrading, and globalization150,151. Wang, L. et al. Xu, C. et al. Excavation and SSR identification of polyploidy germplasm resources in jujube trees. Therefore, jujube has broad prospects as a material for the development of healthy foods with high nutrition value. Dicianu, E. D., Ivan, E. ., Jerca, I. O., Ciceoi, R. & Stnic, F. Morphometric and phytopathological analysis of Romanian jujube fruits during the storage period. (7) Nontraditional research fields: integrating the whole industry chain, the new fields of value-added products, related advanced technologies, and technical standards. Luo, Z. et al. It is expected to become one of the most promising fruit trees in the arid and semiarid regions of the world. proposed that they could be treated as two different species, Z. jujuba Mill. The third is The Illustrated Germplasm Resources of Jujube55, in which pictures and research data for 250 cultivars (57 table jujubes, 80 for dehydration, 82 for both dehydration and fresh eating, 17 for processing, and 14 ornamental varieties) were obtained from the National Chinese Jujube Repository (Taigu, Shanxi). Plant J.2, 147153 (2016). Farm Prod. Sin.32, 10081012 (2005). These authors contributed equally: Mengjun Liu, Jiurui Wang, Lili Wang, Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China, Mengjun Liu,Lili Wang,Ping Liu,Zhihui Zhao,Zhiguo Liu,Li Dai&Xuan Zhao, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China, College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China, College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Sustainable Agriculture Science Center at Alcalde, New Mexico State University, 371 County Road 40, Alcalde, NM, 87511, USA, Faculty of Horticulture, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 011464, Bucharest, Romania, College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China, National Engineering Research Center for Agriculture in Northern Mountainous Areas, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China, Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees, Beijing, 100000, China, Propaganda Department, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China, You can also search for this author in Acta Hortic. China Fruits1, 14 (2018). Propagating jujubes. On the other hand, the lignification of bearing shoots changes the deciduous habit of bearing shoots and increases the pruning labor costs. Pap. Genome-wide identification, characterization of the MADS-box gene family in Chinese jujube and their involvement in flower development. Chen, Y., Zhao, Z., Zhao, J. Hao, Z., Dai, L., Wang, J., Wu, X. These findings may partly explain the interspecific competition effects in jujube tree/wheat agroforestry systems. Food Sci.37, 8385 (2012). Therefore, jujubes will attract increasing attention worldwide. PubMedGoogle Scholar, Zhang, W., Ahanbieke, P., Wang, B.J. In addition, other books such as Descriptors and Data Standards for Jujube Germplasm56, Test Guidelines for Distinctness, Uniformity and Stabilityjujube57, Technical Regulators for the Identification of Jujube Cultivars-SSR Marker Method provide references and technical standards for character selection, data collection, testing, and identification in jujube germplasm studies. Stnic, F. Twenty years of jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) & Liu, M. Genetic diversity and structure of 255 cultivars of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. Qu, Z. The problem of hybrids not being obtained due to heavy early embryo abortion was solved by embryo rescue based on the understanding of the mechanism of embryo abortion and the factors affecting very young embryo culture. Consumers usually prefer large fruits, but increasing fruit size by applying more fertilizer and plant regulators may result in poor fruit quality. volume87,pages 929939 (2013)Cite this article. With the breakthroughs in cross-breeding technology, the acquisition of a progeny population and the establishment of genetic maps, genetic research into important traits was also carried out. This result was later confirmed by SSR and cpSSR analysis61,62. In 2014, de novo genome sequencing of jujube was accomplished (the first in the Rhamnaceae family)12. Spatial distribution of roots in a dense jujube plantation in the J. Shanxi Agric. When the two plant species grow together interspecific interactions between them inevitably occur. Agr. in subtropical and tropical regions. by high-performance liquid chromatography. During the past 70 years, jujube research has greatly advanced. Acad. J. Polym. Growth model and visualization of a virtual jujube tree A revolutionary novel cultivar could simultaneously satisfy the diverse demands of farmers, processers, marketers, and consumers. Effects of different treatments on storage quality of Dongzao jujube fruits during shelf-life period. Xie, W., Ding, C. & Song, Y. The contents of vitamin C, cAMP, soluble sugars, titratable acids, sucrose, glucose, and fructose were significantly higher in tetraploid Riguang fruits than in diploid Dongzao fruits79. Resour.10, 121125 (2009). in Bucureti area. Resour.11, 811816 (2010). Li, H. et al. Acta Hortic. Li, D., Du, X., Wang, Y., Sui, C. & He, J. Callus induction and embryogenesis of Ziziphus jujuba cv. . Acta Hortic.993, 209213 (2013). Combining comparative genome, transcriptome, and metabolome data, the molecular mechanism underlying the high contents of ascorbic acid (AsA) and sugar in jujube fruit (~100 and 2 times those of apple, respectively) were revealed. Wang, L., Wang, H. & Wang, C. Effect of O2 and CO2 concentration on respiration, relative electrical conductivity, contents of chlorophyll and skin color of Dongzao jujube fruit. It was revealed that jujube has very strong resistance to abiotic stress, including drought, barren soils, and saline and alkali conditions. Acta Hortic. Xue, C. et al. Meanwhile, the expansion of the MDHAR gene family contributes to AsA regeneration. (3) Current labor-intensive cultivation techniques were developed with the goal of increasing yields on small farms with inexpensive labor. Lingwuchangzao for Protected Cultivation. Li, D. Descriptors and Data Standard for Chinese Jujube (China Agriculture Press, 2006). Qi, J. et al. The pure polyploid shoot could form flowers and even set fruits for further evaluation in the same year as the polyploid induction. Among them, stimulating sucker propagation by cutting off the roots at the periphery of the vertical projection of the canopy and separating fasciculate suckers can increase the reproductive coefficient, while gathering and nurturing the suckers in a nursery can greatly improve the quality of the root system. J. Anhui Agric. BMC Plant Biol.19, 189 (2019). Yan, F. et al. Sci.29, 366373 (2012). Wang, J., Liu, L., Liu, M. & Zhou, J. Acquirement of new male sterile germplasm of Chinese jujube. Li, C. Dormant Characteristic and Temperature Management Investigation Analysis of Zizyphus Jujuba Mill. Construction of a high-density genetic map of Ziziphusjujuba Mill. and wild jujube. The biological characteristics of jujube are basically understood1. Characteristics of fruiting and fertility of different cultivars of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. In this case, the maturity period can be advanced by 14 months105,106. HortScience53, 609612 (2018). Jujube hardwood cuttings are quite difficult to propagate, presenting a rooting rate of usually <30%, and have rarely been used in commercial production. should not be planted in the shade of other trees Soils: Jujubes tolerate many types of soils, but prefer a sandy, well-drained soils and do less well in heavy, poorly drained soil. trees51, 810 (2019). Jujube Candy. lageniformis Nakai, Z. jujuba Mill. Han, Z., Yuan, D., Chen, W. & Chen, Y. To date, cultivation technology systems have been established for the leading cultivars in their main growing areas with their own characteristics. C.J. & Zhou, B. Flora of China, Vol. Agrofor Syst 61:237255, Li FD, Meng P, Fu DL, Wang BP (2008) Light distribution, photosynthetic rate and yield in a Paulownia-wheat intercropping system in China. Liu, M. & Wang, Y. Food Res. Research methods should involve more new approaches, such as modern information technology and multiomics techniques. Growing jujube trees is not difficult as long as you have sandy, well-drained soil. (1) Fundamental research is still weak, and the role of research in supporting major technological innovations is not strong enough. (4) The low-level processing techniques that imitate those used for other fruits and focus on solving the overproduction problem do not meet the requirements of postharvest value addition and demands for diversified, advanced, and internationalized new products. Generally, it is best to repot it from March to may in spring. & Liu, M. Discovery and evaluation of natural mixoploid (2x + 4x) variants in Ziziphus jujuba Mill. 7. Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding (2011). A large number of local cultivars, such as Zanhuangdazao, Linyilizao, Dongzao, Qiyuexian, Junzao, Huizao, etc. According to the authors investigation in Iran, all the jujube trees that were hundreds of years old were located at key sites on the ancient Silk Road, and Iranian scholars report that the jujube was introduced from China. Univ.42, 8590 (2019). Jinsi 4 on its fruit cracking and nutritional quality in the South. The historical and current research progress on jujubea superfruit for the future. The classification system for the Ziziphus genus was proposed based on field investigations, textual research on specimens and historical documents65. using genotyping by sequencing technology. Chin. proved that the best storage conditions for fresh jujube were at a temperature of 1 to 2C, relative humidity of 95%, 2% O2 and 0% CO2124. Plant Physiol.224-225, 110 (2018). After 1995, research on jujube tissue culture increased rapidly, and tissue culture with stem tips, stem segments, leaves, anthers, embryos, and cotyledons as explants were all successful83,86,87,99,100. All authors added information and revised the paper. Jujubes do best in warm, dry climates, but can tolerate winter lows down to -20 degrees F. (-29 C.). 3). It originates from the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, the mother river of the Chinese people. Thyrsiflora Cheng et Liu mainly according to the inflorescence type. CAS After the Asian Olympic Games in Beijing in 1990, dense cultivation was developed for dwarf fresh jujube, and even superdense plantings (grass orchards) with densities of up to 15,000 plants per hectare were established. We offer the two sizes in the 'Air-Pot Garden' range that are best-suited for the young jujube trees we sell. Agrofor Syst 84:401415, Chamshama SAO, Mugasha AG, Klovstad A, Haveraaen O, Maliondo SMS (1998) Growth and yield of maize alley cropped with Leucaena leucocephala and Faidherbia albida in Morogoro, Tanzan. PubMedGoogle Scholar. B Hortic.LXIII, 1724 (2019). In this latest period, research achievements have been very fruitful. Agric. (Z. sativa Gatern. Xue, M., Zhang, J., Zhang, P. & Wang, L. Effect of hypobaric storage on physiological and biochemical changes of Dong jujube fruit during cold storage. Changing host photosynthetic, carbohydrate and energy metabolisms play important roles in phytoplasma infection. and wheat (Triticum aestivum Linn.) In the last 10 years, a high-efficiency hybrid breeding technology system combining male-sterile germplasm, embryo rescue, net control hybridization, and molecular identification was established. Wild jujube (Z. lotus) and Christs thorn jujube (Z. spina-christi) are related species, though not commonly cultivated. The evapotranspiration of jujube root zone was calcu lated by water . Roots were sampled by auger in 2-, 4- and 6-year-old jujube tree/wheat intercropping and in sole wheat and 2-, 4- and 6-year-old sole jujube down to 100cm depth in the soil profile. Silvae Sin. Plant Breed.16, 33953400 (2018). Acta Hortic. Within Z. acidojujuba Liu et Cheng, three forms were confirmed, namely, f. granulata Cheng et Liu, f. trachysperma Cheng et Liu, and f. infecunda Cheng et Liu. The jujube tree is the main cash crop and wheat is a primary food crop and both are harvested once a year in south Xinjiang. Jujube | Description, Tree, Fruit, & Species The 2019 Forum of China Jujube Industry, Linxian County, Shanxi Province (2019). China Fruits2, 6470 (2015). ISSN 2662-6810 (print), The historical and current research progress on jujubea superfruit for the future, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-020-00346-5, Germplasm resources and genetic breeding of Paeonia: a systematic review, Comparative population genomics dissects the genetic basis of seven domestication traits in jujube, A roadmap for research in octoploid strawberry, Advancing crop genomics from lab to field, RosBREED: bridging the chasm between discovery and application to enable DNA-informed breeding in rosaceous crops, Prunus genetics and applications after de novo genome sequencing: achievements and prospects, The genome of cultivated peanut provides insight into legume karyotypes, polyploid evolution and crop domestication, An update on the arsenal: mining resistance genes for disease management of Brassica crops in the genomic era, Identification and stacking of crucial traits required for the domestication of pennycress, http://jujube.genomics.cn/page/species/index.jsp, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, Identification and expression analysis of BURP domain-containing genes in jujube and their involvement in low temperature and drought response, Comparison of ascorbate metabolism in fruits of two jujube species with differences in ascorbic acid content, Genomic constitution and relationships of Ziziphus species collected from Malakand Division, Pakistan, Multiple responses contribute to the enhanced drought tolerance of the autotetraploid Ziziphus jujuba Mill. For fresh eating jujubes, it was found that promoting the lignification of bearing shoots through extremely heavy pruning may accelerate fruiting, increase yield and result in larger fruit109. Both species thrive in hot dry climates where winter temperatures do not go below 9.4 C (49 F). J. the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Our study was conducted to apply root pruning to test whether it can effectively inhibit the vigorous vegetative growth by regulating the competitive ability of the root system for water and nutrients. Additionally, according to the unearthed carbonized fruits, jujube was cultivated and utilized in China 7000 years ago. Fruit scientific research in new China in the past 70 years: Chinese jujube. For. Biotechnol.83, 305308 (2008). Jujube Tree Roots. Hortic. In vitro tetraploid induction of Ziziphus jujuba Dongzao and Z. acidojujuba (Z. spinosa Hu) with colchicine. Springer, Berlin, Book Fruit drying technology has gradually changed from traditional natural drying under the sun to dehydration in a drying room or by drying machine129. Three emasculation-free methods have been developed based on the discovery of two typical male-sterile germplasms and a group of self-fruitless/self-sterile germplasms that can replace male sterility42,43, which effectively overcame the key obstacle to artificial emasculation in jujube. J. Shi, Q., Liu, P., Liu, M., Wang, J. In addition, triploids of Jinsixiaozao, Yuanlingzao, and Changhongzao have been created by endosperm culture, but no new cultivar has been released82. J Shandong Agric Univ 31:9194, Liu JQ, Halik W, Wang GS, Kasim Y (2012) Study on temporal and spatial distribution rules of characteristic fruit industry resources in Xinjiang. Tortuosa), f. lageniformis (Nakai) Kitag. 6 Key Jujube Benefits: Dosage & Safety | The Botanical Institute It has been spread all over China, with a cultivation area of ~2 million hectares and an annual production of over 8 million tons. Exp. The Indian, or cottony, jujube (Z. mauritiana) differs from the common jujube in having leaves that are woolly beneath instead of smooth. The book Qi Min Yao Shu of the Northern Wei Dynasty that was written 1500 years ago recorded the techniques of cultivar selection, planting, flower thinning, girdling, and jujube paste processing. Wang, N. Study on Somatic Embryogenesis and Ploidy Germplasm Creation in Ziziphus Jujuba Mill (Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 2007). PLoS ONE10, e0134519 (2015). Zhang, W., Rao, J., Li, K., Li, W. & Wu, Y. Growing a Jujube Tree in Hot, Dry Climates - Garden of Luma spinosa plants from leaf explants. Res.17, 307313 (1999). Zhang, L. et al. A postharvest physiological study revealed the main factors influencing fruit preservation in jujube115. Stnic, F., Dicianu, D. E., Butcaru, A. C. & Iliescu, L. M. Preliminary results about Romanian consumers preferences on jujube fruits. Starting with a superhigh density (0.5m1.0m), the density is gradually decreased to 1.01.5m4.0m. This new model obtains good yields (58t/ha) in the year of grafting (Fig. Agric. drew the figure of the different organ morphologies of Chinese jujube. reported that Shanxixiaozao could be stored for 70 days at 01C and 60% RH119. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Analysis of reducing sugars, organic acids and minerals in 15 cultivars of jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) Study on hyperspectral rapid detection of Vc content in Lingwu jujube. 2014). As one of the longest-cultivated fruit trees in the world, jujube has abundant germplasm resources after undergoing long periods of natural evolution and artificial selection. Google Scholar. Jujube leaves are rich in leucine, vitamin B6, carotene, betulinic acid, and ursolic acid, the flowers are rich in vitamin B1 and leucine, and mature fruits are rich in cAMP, functional sugars, vitamin B, triterpenic acid, proline, and some other important functional components in addition to the well-known carbohydrates and vitamin C. Jujube is an important traditional herb and tonic. CAS Jujube grafting took place 1000 years ago, and the intercropping of jujube with cereal crops had become popular by about 600 years ago. Competitive interaction in jujube tree/cotton agroforestry system in However, green shoot cuttings (semilignified primary extension shoots, secondary shoots, and bearing shoots) root much more easily and have a high reproductive coefficient. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Fore.32, 117121 (2004). J. PubMed J. Agric. have been excavated and utilized, which has greatly promoted the rapid development of the jujube industry. Bot.165, 92107 (2019). Yan, G. Cytological Studies on Chinese Jujube (Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 1984). A: In some cases, the Jujube tree is considered invasive in Texas.It has a very strong, contorted root system and will try to get to water no matter what. Rapid SNP discovery and a RAD-Based high-density linkage map in jujube (Ziziphus Mill.). Univ.4, 7275 (1984). Google Scholar, Cao FL, Kimmins JP, Wang JR (2012) Competitive interactions in ginkgo and crop species mixed agroforestry systems in Jiangsu, China. Sci. Sci. Sci. Compared with those under natural drying, the preservation rates for vitamin C, total sugar, sucrose, fructose, glucose, soluble protein, and other nutrients under artificial drying are significantly improved130,131,132. The oldest collection of poems in China, called The Book of Songs, contains the sentence Jujube fruit picked in August and rice harvested in October, indicating that jujube was domestically cultivated as early ago as 3000 years ago. How to Grow a Jujube Tree. The jujube tree is a well-known example of one such species. Liu, M. & Wang, J. Sin.46, 49684976 (2013). A technique for the sorted extraction and comprehensive wasteless utilization of the main functional components of jujube has been developed on the basis of systematic nutrient composition analysis54,138,139. anucleatus Y. G. Chen). Yangling: Northwest A&F University (2014). Dried jujube (the main form) can be stored for more than 1 year at room temperature with proper insect control and for 23 years at 4C. & Liu, G. Phylogenetic analysis of 25 plant species representing 19 angiosperm families and one gymnosperm family based on 390 orthologous genes. Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding (2006). 41, 8285 (2005). Plastic house and Chinese solar greenhouse cultivation (a plastic house with thick back wall as a thermal mass) have been successful in North China and have formed large-scale production regions of over 10,000ha in Dali County in Shaanxi Province and Linyi County in Shanxi Province in China. In August 2010 (the jujube tree fruit setting period), shovels were used to excavate one trench for each age of stand, measuring 6 m length (three . PubMed Central Gao, Y., Zhao, Z. Fu, T. Study on the Technology of Ice-temperature Storage of Dongzao Jujube. Liu, Y., Feng, C., Yu, H., Wang, J. Given the demands of the new era, the development tendencies of the modern fruit industry and the new technologies available, jujube research in China is facing a series of important challenges. J Sci Food Agric 30:129135, Article It seems that you can pretty much . According to a comprehensive investigation, more than 100 pests and diseases have been observed in jujube1. lageniformis Hort. Change of several nutrients in Jun jujube during drying process. To obtain Rep.7, 1025 (2017). & Zhou, J. Jujube Witches Broom Disease (China Agriculture Press, 2010). However, the Rhamnaceae family was moved to the Rosales order in the APG III Angiosperm Phylogeny Group Classification based on chloroplast DNA sequencing (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group III, 2009), which was further confirmed by phylogenic studies on the genome-sequenced plant species using 390 shared genes64.
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