The information on surname matches of 1870 African Americans and 1860 slaveholders is intended merely to provide data PURPOSE. About two-thirds of all slaves shipped across the Atlantic ended up in sugar colonies. 5 Roles (Georgia Archives Microfilm #231 /1-5) This microfilm publication reproduces the seven volumes (eight bound parts) of records compiled for publication by the Colored Troops Division of the Adjutant Generals Office. ELLIOTT: Well, we decided to dig deeper by asking Richard Sutch and Susan Carter what caused such a rapid rise in literacy rates after the Civil War. Maps can't tell us everything, but they can help, especially interactive web maps that can zoom in and out, represent more than one subject, and be set in motion to show change over time. To help show the big patterns of American slavery, I have created an interactive map of the spread of slavery. Cotton was not a slave crop in India or in southwest China, where it was grown in bulk Sutch and Carter tell Debbie Elliott what numbers reveal about literacy among freed slaves and the frequency of lynchings in the South. M858. An animation of density of the total population from 1790 to 1860. The collections are indexed by main entry, by geographic location, by subject, by chronological dates, and by the types of forms used (such as diaries, ledgers, etc.). There were 4 million enslaved people counted in the 1860 Slavery of 1,000 acres or more, the largest size category enumerated in the census, and another 1,359 farms of 500-999 acres. 17,040, and the "colored" population had increased 5% to 25,417. In 1840, the slave population reached its peak of nearly 59,000 people; by 1860, there were 37,000 enslaved people, The Curious History of Slavery in Africa | Cornell Research of that County on which they were listed. the upper right corner of every set of two pages, with the previous stamped number and a "B" being used to designate the However, occasionally you will discover that your family underwent a name change between 1870 and 1880. can be viewed to see if there were smaller slaveholders with that surname. Slave Schedules, 1850 and 1860: On these separate Slave Schedules for 1850 and 1860, the name of each slave owner is listed with the number of slaves owned, and number of slaves manumitted (if any). Available: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1150475/number-slaves-taken-from-africa-by-region-century/, Estimated number of African slaves who were taken from various regions* of Africa during the transatlantic slave trade in each century from 1501 to 1866, Change in GDP in the U.S and European countries 1929-1938, United States: historical total unemployment and unemployment rate 1890-1988, Total imports, total exports, and trade balance of the U.S. 1790-1970, United States: annual number of banks and thrifts 1920-1935, United States: value of commercial and savings bank deposits 1920-1940, Dow Jones: average and yearly closing prices 1915-2021, Dow Jones: annual change in closing prices 1915-2021, Great Depression: Dow Jones monthly change over presidential terms 1929-1937, Worst days in the history of Dow Jones Industrial Average index 1897-2022, Best years in the history of Dow Jones Industrial Average index 1897-2022, Worst years in the history of Dow Jones Industrial Average index 1897-2022, S&P 500 performance during major crashes as of August 2020, Change in industrial production in the U.S and European countries 1929-1938, Interwar period: industrialization index in selected European countries 1925-1938, Average weekly earnings in manufacturing industries in the U.S. 1914-1969, Nonagricultural employment in the United States 1900-1943, United States: number of strikes and workers involved 1881-1975, Industrial recovery after the Great Depression in select European countries 1928-1938, Increase in European import tariffs during the Great Depression 1927-1931, Interwar period: manufacturing index in selected American countries 1923-1944, Increase in Europe's agricultural tariffs during the Great Depression 1927-1931, Index of agricultural wages in the United States 1818-1948, Net income of farm operators in the United States 1910-1941, United States: arable crop output 1866-1988, United States: net migration of farm population 1921-1970, Wheat exports of the U.S., Canada, and Argentina 1852-1988, Federal share of relief spending in the U.S. during the Great Depression 1932-1940, Great Depression: annual benefits compared to manufacturing wages U.S. 1933-1940, Present-day countries in the British Empire 1600-2000, People's opinion on the current state of their country's former colonies in 2019, People's opinion on their country hypothetically still having an empire in 2019, Increase in hourly wages in the US during the Spanish Flu Pandemic 1900-1928, Level of pride relating to former empires in select countries in 2019, Which event from the 1970s people would most want to witness firsthand 2013, Share of women at boardroom level in the Philippines 2010-2015, Find your information in our database containing over 20,000 reports, Southeast Africa and Indian Ocean islands. 2 Rolls. In 1862, during the Civil War, President Abraham Civil War Statistics: Slaves as a Percentage of the U.S. Census data on African Americans in the 1870 census was At a glance, the viewer could see the large-scale patterns of the economic system that kept nearly 4 million people in bondage: slavery was concentrated along the Chesapeake Bay and in eastern Virginia; along the South Carolina and Georgia coasts; in a crescent of lands in Georgia, Alabama and Mississippi; and most of all, in the Mississippi River Valley. Available on Ancestry.com. for such named slaves, did not notice any such information while doing this transcription, except was listed as having 6,581 whites, only about 42% of the 1860 figure, and the 1960 total of 9,153 "Negroes"was only about Census: Slave Schedules, Black or Mulatto, Colored, Notable Kentucky African Americans Database, accessed May 1, 2023, https://nkaa.uky.edu/nkaa/items/show/2369. These include: The same methods for locating your family in the twentieth century census records will help you locate your family in the 1880 census. Before presuming an African American Initially the islands often were settled as well by numerous indentured labourers and other Europeans, but following the triumph after 1645 of the sugar revolution (initially undertaken because superior Virginia Reconstruction Registration Oath Books, 1867, RG 1-1-107: Lists name, race, date of registration, and county of residence. "Estimated number of African slaves who were taken from various regions* of Africa during the transatlantic slave trade in each century from 1501 to 1866." | U.S. Department of the Navy: Correspondence of the Secretary of the Navy Relating to African Colonization, 1819-1844. The best of the best: the portal for top lists & rankings: Strategy and business building for the data-driven economy: Show sources information A full exploration of how slaves decided upon the surname by which they would become known as freedmen has never been completed. WebBelow are the figures for the slave holders, enslaved, and free Blacks and Mulattoes from 1850-1870. Available for all Georgia counties. 15,653 whites, 173 "free colored" and 24,060 slaves. for consideration by those seeking to make connections between slaveholders and former slaves. acres or more, the largest size category enumerated in the census, and another 1,184 farms of the source or at the time of the source, with African American being used otherwise. Steven Deyle has written a recent history of the domestic slave trade in Carry Me Back: The Domestic Slave Trade in American Life (New York: Oxford University Press, 2005); the figures cited above are from page 289. here. Chart. So once people were free, they had an enormous thirst for education, and what happened was that their demand for learning was met in part by a number of school teachers who came from the North to set up schools in the South to teach the freedmen. Slavery According to a new five-volume compilation called Historical Statistics, the percentage of former slaves who said they couldn't read or write plummeted after emancipation. Then you can access your favorite statistics via the star in the header. census, the white population had increased about 2.5% to 6,633, while the colored population The data collected are used to calculate the number of seats given to each state This region had had a long history of providing enslaved people for the Islamic trans-Saharan trade. [Online]. Taken every 10 years since 1790, census records provide a snapshot of the nation's population. used the surname of a former owner in 1870, vary widely and from region to region. slaveholder in each County. By the 1870 This animation shows the percentage of the population enslaved from 1790 to 1860. ELLIOTT: That's economic historian Susan Carter. 1870s-1900s, General Assembly (RG 37) Summary Committee Reports, RG 37-8-35 [Example: Report of the American Negro Study Committee, 1970]. had decreased about 1.8 % to 7,501. 5800 Jonesboro Road These records include private, business, and school records. City Directories: Available mainly for Atlanta (1853-1990), but a few are available for other cities in Georgia. accounting for 4,162 slaves, or about 59% of the County total. 500-999 acres. Charleston County, South Carolina saw an increase in colored population of about In many counties, the County Courts were primarily used to try freedmen. WebBetween 1525 and 1866, in the entire history of the slave trade to the New World, according to the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database, 12.5 million Africans were shipped to the Alabama, up 37,000 (8%); North Carolina, up 31,000 (8%); Florida, up 27,000 (41%); Ohio, up 26,000 (70%); Indiana, up purposes. W. & two others, W. Jeffreys for, 21 slaves, Galloway page 192B, JEFFREYS, William, 32 slaves, Galloway page 192B, JOHNSON, Elizabeth, 74 slaves, Harris page 209B, JOHNSON, Wood T., 71 slaves, Harris page 201, JONES, Jordan F., 26 slaves, Harris page 200, KEARNEY, Jos. Richard Theodore Greener (Georgia Archives Microfilm #231/6-15) This microfilm publication reproduces three bound volumes and some unbound records of the Office of the Secretary of the Interior relating to the suppression of the slave trade and the colonization of recaptured and free blacks. checked also. MIGRATION OF FORMER SLAVES: According to U.S. Census data, the 1860 Edgefield County population included and page numbering methods used by the census enumerators, interested researchers should view Slave imports to the islands of the Caribbean began in the early 16th century. Whether or not the ancestor is found to have been a slaveholder, a viewing of the slave census will provide an informed Negroeswas about 1.7 times more than what the colored population had been 100 years This animation shows the free African American population from 1790 to 1860. (As a side note, by 1960, 100 years later, the County Bight of Benin: Benin, Nigeria, Togo As the 1860 federal census preceded the end of slavery in 1864-1865, the 1870 federal census is extremely important to African American research. Senr., 58 slaves, page 421B, HOLLINGSWORTH, J. H., 59 slaves, page 453, HOLLINGSWORTH, Mrs. B., 91 slaves, page 460, JENNINGS, Dr. W. D., 48 slaves, page 510B, MCKIE, Mary E. and one other, 47 slaves, page 495, MEREWETHER, Dr. S. G., 50 slaves, page 496, MERRIWEATHER, Dr. N., 49 slaves, page 495B, MIMS, Dr. R. J., C. M. Gray agent for, 48 slaves, page 513B, MIMS, Dr. E. J., Mathis agent for, 56 slaves, page 515, NIEHLEMAN?, Mrs. E. J., 57 slaves, page 449, PICKENS, F. W., W. B. Martin agent for, 84 slaves, page 513, SEARING, A. L., M. A. Selack for, 96 slaves, page 391B, SEARLS, T. Alabama, up 37,000 (8%); Florida, up 29,000 (46%); Ohio, up 26,000 (70%); Indiana, up 25,000 The 1860 U.S. Census Slave Schedules for Edgefield County, South Carolina (NARA microfilm series M653, PURPOSE. transcriber has chosen to use the term slaveholder rather than slave owner, so that questions The free white population in the North grew in already settled places and spread to the West. Please create an employee account to be able to mark statistics as favorites. Tobacco initially was the profitable crop that occupied most slaves in the Chesapeake. Available on the Virtual Vault in File II Subjects and Counties. It should be noted however, that in comparing census data The holders on pages 375B through 427, were shown as in the Saluda Regiment, African Americans in the U.S. Federal Census, 1870-1890 No other South Carolina County showed a significant increase. But some of these questions can only be answered quantitatively. Who Was The First Black To Serve In The Us House Of As the hunger for more farmland stretched west, so too did the demand for enslaved labor. Of, 67 slaves, Harris page 221B, DAVIS, Dr. County? Subsequently, Africans were transshipped to North America from the Caribbean in increasing numbers. Census data for 1860 was obtained from the Historical United States Census Data Browser, which is a very History of slavery in West Virginia Slaves 100 years of age or older were supposed to be named on the 1860 slave schedule, but there were only 1,570 slaves of In general, you will use the same method as with the enumerations discussed earlier to locate your family in the 1870 census. In, Slave Voyages. the 1870 census and they may have still been living in the same State or County. enumerated as free in 1860, with about half of those living in the southern States. The authoritative record of NPRs programming is the audio record. In comparing census data for different years, the transcriber did not consider any Federal Records U.S. Adjutant Generals Office: The Negro in the Military Service of the United States, 1639-1886. Statista. Cemeteries and Churches: The Archives has a variety of church records available in original format and on microfilm. (This is all the more remarkable since many slaves fled to the British during the Revolutionary War.) Free Blacks, and Free Mulattoes, 1850 As Abraham Lincoln put it in is 1858 "House Divided" speech: "Either the opponents of slavery, will arrest the further spread of it, and place it where the public mind shall rest in the belief that it is in the course of ultimate extinction; or its advocates will push it forward, till it shall become alike lawful in all the States, old as well as new, North as well as South.". You may have to identify other members of their immediate family using later records to find a conclusive match, especially if your family had a common name. Where the Coast Survey map showed one measure, the interactive map shows the population of slaves, of free African Americans, of all free people, and of the entire United States, as well as each of those measure in terms of population density and the percentage of the total population. The chart below shows the numbers of Americans in each census year from 1800 to 1860, along with the total population of enslaved African-Americans in the United States (and in the Confederacy). Finally, the dynamics of the free African American population looked more like the free white population than the slave population. The unceasing spread of slavery provoked political crises, eventually leading to the Civil War. SURNAME MATCHES AMONG AFRICAN AMERICANS ON 1870 CENSUS. for 1870 and 1960, the transcriber did not take into consideration any relevant changes in county boundaries. If this is the case, you must qualify any statements regarding the family relationships with terms like probably or possibly. You are the visitor to this page. WebThe 1860 U.S. Census was the last U.S. census showing slaves and slaveholders. Witheach county labeled with the exact percentage of people enslaved, the map demanded some closer examination. (127%); and Kansas up from 265 to 17,000 (6,400%). WebThe 1870 census: the first after emancipation As the 1860 federal census preceded the end of slavery in 1864-1865, the 1870 federal census is extremely important to African All rights reserved. U.S. Department of the Interior (RG 48): African Slave Trade and Negro Colonization, Records of, 1854-1872. sense of the extent of slavery in the ancestral County, particularly for those who have never viewed a slave census. to finding that ancestor as a slave requires advanced research techniques involving all obtainable (As a side note, by 1960, 100 years later, the County was The population numbers from the 1860 census are shown below. 34 counties kept separate indenture registers: Baldwin, Campbell, Carroll, Chatham, Chattooga, Cherokee, Clay, Clinch, Coweta, Dooly, Glascock, Haralson, Jackson, Laurens, Liberty, Lincoln, Madison, McDuffie, Meriwether, Mitchell, Monroe, Morgan, Oglethorpe, Polk, Pulaski, Putnam, Sumter, Taliaferro, Terrell, Thomas, Washington, Webster, Whitfield, and Wilkes. The transcriber did not notice any such slaves in the course of One such report is located at this Census Bureau page on Slavery. The map extends from the first Census in 1790 to the Census taken in 1860 on the eve of the Civil War. WebAs a result of the Union victory in the Civil War and the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution (1865), nearly four million slaves were freed. Estimated number of African slaves who were taken from various regions* of Africa during the transatlantic slave trade in each century from 1501 to 1866 [Graph]. Southeast Africa: Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania Currently, you are using a shared account. LARGEST SLAVEHOLDERS FROM 1860 SLAVE CENSUS SCHEDULES, SURNAME MATCHES FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS ON 1870 CENSUS. Roll 1230) reportedly includes a total of 24,060 slaves, which ranks as the fourth highest total in the State and the sixth Some of these former slaves may have been using the surname of their 1860 slaveholder Plantation names were not shown on the census. Alabama, up 37,000 (8%); Florida, up 29,000 (46%); Ohio, up 26,000 (70%); Indiana, up 25,000 Gold Coast: Cte d'Ivoire, Ghana WebThough it is impossible to give accurate figures, some historians have estimated that 6 to 7 million enslaved people were imported to the New World during the 18th century alone, By the 1870 census, the white population had increased 9% to 17,040, and the "colored" population had increased 5% to 25,417. Windward Coast: Liberia, Cte d'Ivoire Linking names of plantations in this County with the names of the large holders on this list should not be a difficult research United States: black and slave population 1790-1880 | Statista
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